Thiol-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks as Thermal History Indictor for Temperature and Time History Monitoring

Various products, including foods and pharmaceuticals, are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Thus, temperature monitoring during production, transportation, and storage is critical. Facile indicators are required to monitor temperature conditions via color changes in real time. This study aimed to prepare and apply thiol-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a novel indicator for monitoring thermal history and temperature abuse. The COFs underwent obvious color changes from bright yellow to purple after exposure to different temperatures for varying durations. The reaction kinetics are analyzed under isothermal conditions, which reveal that the order of reaction rates is k_−20°C < k_4°C < k_20°C < k_35°C < k_55°C. The activation energy (E_a) of the COFs is calculated using the Arrhenius equation as 50.71 kJ moL⁻¹. The COFs are capable of sensitive color changes and offer a broad temperature tracking range, thereby demonstrating their application potential for the monitoring of temperature and time exposure history during production, transportation, and storage. This excellent performance thermal history indicator also shows promise for expanding the application field of COFs.     

Microstructure and coloring mechanism of iron spots on bluish white porcelain from Jingdezhen of the Song Dynasty

Jingdezhen is famous for its bluish white (Qingbai) porcelains of the Song Dynasty, and those decorated with iron spots are distinctive among them. Herein, iron spots on a bluish white porcelain were investigated using a series of microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations. We found the decreasing iron content from more than 8 wt% to about 2 wt% during the glaze color transition from rusty to brown and finally into green, which built a connection on the coloring mechanism of iron-rich crystallized glaze and celadon glaze. We identified the rare ε-Fe₂O₃, a promising magnetic material, in both the dark brown crystals and the triangular crystals in the rusty area, which is its first discovery among bluish white porcelains. Based on these findings, we discussed the coloring mechanism of iron-spot decoration along with the physical form of the iron oxide crystals, indicating the partially reducing atmosphere during firing process.     

A cheating immune (k, n) visual cryptography scheme by using the rotation of shares

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Since Noar and Shamir introduced visual cryptography scheme (VCS), the cheating problem of VCS has absorbed much attention of scholars. The current researches on...     

Effect of social identification on ego depletion of project managers: The role of project tasks and project complexity

The interorganizational context of construction projects offers project managers multiple social identifications (i.e., project identification and organizational identification) and different tasks (i.e., interorganizational tasks and intraorganizational tasks), which may lead to ego depletion of project managers and impair project performance. Drawing on social identity theory and ego depletion theory, this study examines the effect of social identification on ego depletion of project managers via interorganizational and intraorganizational tasks. Using survey data from 432 construction project managers, the results show that project managers with strong project identification undertake more interorganizational tasks and less intraorganizational tasks, which increases their ego depletion. Conversely, project managers with strong organizational identification undertake more intraorganizational tasks and less interorganizational tasks, which decreases their ego depletion. The results also provide evidence that the effect of social identification on ego depletion is stronger when project complexity is high and weaker when project complexity is low. This study contributes to the understanding of ego depletion mechanism of project managers associated with the trade-off process between different identifications and project tasks. The findings advance the psychological underpinnings of organizational behavior in project organizations and can help project managers handle their ego depletion to achieve higher individual performance and project performance.     

Theoretical investigation of solvent effects on the selective hydrogenation of furfural over Pt(111)

It was well known that solvent effect plays a very important role in the catalytic reaction. There are many theoretical studies on the solvent effect in homogeneous catalysis while there are few theoretical studies on the solvent effect in the heterogeneous catalytic reaction and there has been no work to investigate the solvent effect on furfural transformation in heterogeneous catalysis. In the present work, both the density functional calculations and the microkinetic analysis were performed to study the selective hydrogenation of furfural over Pt(111) in the presence of methanol as well as toluene and compared with that in the gas condition. The present results indicated that the methanol can enhance the adsorption strength of furfural and other oxygen-containing reaction species due to its relatively strong polarity properties and this can be a main reason for solvent-induced high activity and selectivity. Another reason is that reaction paths study showed that the presence of methanol solvent makes the dehydrogenation of furfural less thermochemical due to the fact that furfural is more stabilized than that of dehydrogenation species, and methanol also has an inhibition effect on the dehydrogenation of furfural in the kinetic aspect, and further energetic span theory proves highest activity and selectivity for hydrogenation in methanol solvent of vapor, methanol and toluene. Moreover, microkinetic model simulation demonstrated that the activity and selectivity of hydrogenation in methanol is both higher than that in vapor and toluene. The much higher activity in methanol is due to the stabilized adsorbed reactants in the surface, which leads to a higher surface coverage of furfural. It might be proposed based on the present work that a solvent with relatively strong polarity may be favorable for the high selective hydrogenation of furfural.     

临床外科手术中骨切削技术的研究现状及进展

对骨切削研究中的骨切削数值仿真本构模型、骨切削手术工艺及机理等方面进行了综述, 着重介绍了切削参数对骨切削的影响、骨切削刀具设计等, 并对医学领域新兴的超声骨切削技术进行了介绍和分析.最后得出应从以下方面完善骨切削研究: (1)骨切削数值仿真的本构模型有待开发; (2)构建系统的骨材料切削理论以解释骨材料切屑形态的切削机理; (3)骨材料切削刀具的开发需要进一步深化; (4)超声骨切削由于安全性高、损伤小、愈合快的特点将成为未来临床骨切割操作的发展方向和趋势.      

Leader-following Exponential Consensus of Discrete-time Multi-agent Systems with Time-varying Delay and Intermittent Communication

International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - In this paper, the leader-following exponential consensus problem of discrete-time multi-agent systems with time-varying delay is...     

Ultrasmall rhodium nanoclusters anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes with embedded nickel nanoparticles as magnetically recyclable catalysts for efficient ammonia-borane hydrolysis

Facile yet efficient synthesis of high-performance nanocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from ammonia-borane (AB) hydrolysis is paramount. Here, we reported a novel hybrid nanocatalyst comprised of Rh nanoclusters (1.56 nm in diameters) anchored on nitrogen (N)-doped carbon nanotubes with embedded Ni nanoparticles (Ni@NCNTs), which was fabricated through adsorption of Rh ions on Ni@NCNTs. The achieved hybrid of Rh/Ni@NCNTs displayed excellent catalytic property (Turnover frequency: 959 min⁻¹) toward AB hydrolysis, higher than many prior developed Rh-based catalysts. Note that this hybrid could be reused for at least nine runs with complete AB conversion to hydrogen. Rh nanoclusters with small size exhibiting high atom utilization and the synergetic effect between Ni and Rh are responsible for the excellent catalytic property of Rh/Ni@NCNTs toward AB hydrolysis. This work highlights the importance of utilization of magnetically recyclable Ni@NCNTs as support and synergetic component for efficient hydrolysis of AB.